Choosing the best prenatal vitamin It’s never too early to start taking care of your baby — and there’s no better time to start than before your baby’s conceived. Luckily, there’s nothing easier or more effective than popping a prenatal vitamin. This daily pill is an insurance policy, offering you the security of knowing that your body is stocking up on the most essential baby-making vitamins it needs to conceive and nourish your baby-to-be through a healthy pregnancy. Here’s how prenatal vitamins benefit you, along with how to choose the best prenatal vitamin. THE BENEFITS OF PRENATAL VITAMINS: Take a daily prenatal vitamin before you start trying to conceive and you’ll thank yourself later. Prenatal vitamins: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/31/choosing-the-best-prenatal-vitamin/
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Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism means your thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control the way your body uses energy. Having a low level of thyroid hormone affects your whole body. It can make you feel tired and weak. If hypothyroidism is not treated, it can raise your cholesterol levels. During pregnancy, untreated hypothyroidism can harm your baby. But hypothyroidism can be treated with medicine that can help you feel like yourself again. People of any age can get hypothyroidism, but older adults are more likely to get it. Women age 60 and older have the highest risk.You are more likely to get the disease if it runs in your family. Causes of hypothyroidism: In the United States, the most common cause is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It causes the body’s immune system to attack thyroid tissue. As a result, the gland can’t make enough thyroid hormone. Other things that can lead to low
Kyphosis A normal spine, when viewed from behind appears straight. However, a spine affected by kyphosis has a forward curvature of the back bones (vertebrae) in the upper back area, giving an abnormally rounded or “humpback” appearance. Kyphosis is defined as a curvature of the spine measuring 50 degrees or greater on an X-ray. The normal spine can bend from 20 to 45 degreesof curvature in the upper back area. Kyphosis is a type of spinal deformity. Causes of kyphosis: Kyphosis can be congenital (present at birth), or due to acquired conditions that may include the following: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/29/kyphosis/
Contact dermatitis Contact dermatitis is a reaction that happens after your skin comes in contact with certain substances. Skin irritants cause most contact dermatitis reactions. Other cases are caused by allergens, which trigger an allergic response. The reaction may not start until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. Contact dermatitis, caused by an irritant that is not an allergic response, happens from direct contact with the irritant. Allergic contact dermatitis most commonly affects adults, but it can affect people of all ages. Causes of contact dermatitis: Some of the most common causes of contact dermatitis include: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/28/contact-dermatitis/
Folliculitis, boils and carbuncles Folliculitis is the inflammation of hair follicles due to an infection, injury, or irritation. It is characterized by tender, swollen areas that form around hair follicles, often on the neck, breasts, buttocks, and face. Boils (also referred to as furuncles) are pus-filled lesions that are painful and usually firm. Boils happen when infection around the hair follicles spreads deeper. They are usually located in the waist area, groin, buttocks, and under the arm. Carbuncles are clusters of boils that are usually found on the back of the neck or thigh. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacteria to cause these infections. Sign and symptoms for folliculitis, boils, and carbuncles: The following are the most common symptoms of folliculitis, boils, and carbuncles. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/27/folliculitis-boils-and-carbuncles/
Hemodynamic Disorders-4 in previous discussion we have discussed Definition of thrombosis Hemostasis & Thrombosis Steps in the formation of a thrombus Differences between THROMBUS & CLOT Definition of embolism Thromboembolism PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM So in this discussion we will continue with SYSTEMIC THROMBOEMBOLISM: Embolism in arterial circulation. SOURCE : 80 – 85 % from heart 60-65% from left ventricle ( intracardiac mural thrombi) 5-10 % rheumatic heart disease 5% cardiomyopathy OTHER LESS COMMON SOURCES Atherosclerotic plaques Aortic aneurysms Infective endocarditis Valvular heart diseases Paradoxical emboli from venous thrombi Crossed embolism https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/26/hemodynamic-disorders-4/
Hemodynamic Disorders-3 In previous discussion we have discussed Definition of edema Pathophysiological causes of edema Consequences of edema Definition of hemorrhage Causes of hemorrhage So in this discussion we will continue with THROMBOSIS Definition of thrombosis: Formation of a fibrinous aggregate of thrombocytes and/or clot occurring within the cardiovascular system Thrombosis is hemostasis at the wrong site https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/25/hemodynamic-disorders-3/
Hemodynamic Disorders-2 In previous discussion we have discussed Derangements in either blood supply or fluid balance Definition of Hyperemia & Congestion Hyperemia vs congestion Types of hyperemia Morphology of hyperemia Hyperemia after decompression Consequences of hyperemia causes of congestion Morphology of congestion Consequences of congestion Organ changes (lung) Organ changes (liver) So today we will continue our discussion with Edema Definition of edema: Increased fluid in the interstitial spaces Pathophysiological causes of edema: Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Reduced Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure Lymphatic Obstruction Sodium Retention Inflammation https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/24/hemodynamic-disorders-2/
Hemodynamic Disorders Derangements in either blood supply or fluid balance: Hyperemia & Congestion: Increased blood in an area compared to normal Definition: Hyperemia (arterial hyperemia) is an active process resulting from augmented inflow due to arteriolar dilation (e.g. acute inflammation) Congestion (venous hyperemia) is a passive process resulting from impaired outflow from a tissue (e.g. cardiac failure or venous obstruction) https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/23/hemodynamic-disorders/
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy Swollen, itchy varicose veins where the sun don’t shine are called hemorrhoids. Sign and symptoms of hemorrhoids: You might notice pain or irritation in your rectal area, or a weird lump there. You might bleed or have pain when you go number two. Tests for hemorrhoids: Your doctor can probably diagnose hemorrhoids just by examining you. If he suspects another digestive disease or colorectal cancer, you may have further testing. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/22/hemorrhoids-during-pregnancy/
Shoulder pain and problem What is Shoulder? The shoulder is made up of several layers, including the following: Bones: The collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus). Joints: Facilitate movement, including the following: Sternoclavicular joint: where the clavicle meets the sternum. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint: where the clavicle meets the acromion. Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint): A ball-and-socket joint that facilitates forward, circular, and backward movement of the shoulder. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/21/shoulder-pain-and-problem/
Dysmenorrhea Dysmenorrhea causes severe and frequent cramps and pain during your period. It may be either primary or secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea: This happens when you first start your period and continues throughout your life. It is usually life-long. It can cause severe and frequent menstrual cramping due to severe and abnormal uterine contractions. Secondary dysmenorrhea: This type is due to some physical cause. It usually starts later in life. It may be caused by another medical condition. This includes pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/20/dysmenorrhea/
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that affects your lower GI (gastrointestinal), which includes the small intestine, large intestine, and colon. It is diagnosed when a person has abdominal pain or spasm associated with a change in the appearance or frequency of their bowel movements. It causes: Belly or abdominal cramps Gas Swelling or bloating Changes in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation When you have IBS your colon looks normal. But it does not work the way it should. Health experts have not been able to find an exact physical cause for IBS. It is often thought that stress is one cause. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/19/irritable-bowel-syndromeibs/
Megaloblastic anemia Vitamin-B12 deficiency anemia: Vitamin-B12 deficiency anemia is a condition in which your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells, due to a lack (deficiency) of vitamin-B12.This vitamin is needed to make red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of your body. Without enough red blood cells, your tissues and organs don’t get enough oxygen. Without enough oxygen, your body can’t work as well. Folic acid, also called folate, is another B vitamin. Anemias caused by alack of vitamin-B12 or a lack of folate are 2 types of megaloblastic anemia.With these types of anemia, the red blood cells don’t develop normally. They are very large. And they are shaped like an oval, not round like healthy red blood cells. This causes the bone marrow to make fewer red blood cells. In some cases the red blood cells die sooner than normal. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/18/megaloblastic-anemia/
Eating righ with parkinson’s disease While there is no special diet for people with Parkinson’s disease, eatinga well-balanced, nutritious diet is extremely beneficial. With the proper diet, our bodies work more efficiently, we have more energy, and Parkinson’s disease medications will work properly. This article addresses the basics of good nutrition. Please consult your doctor or dietitian before making any dietary changes. A registered dietitian can provide in-depth nutrition education, tail or these general guidelines to meet your needs, and help you create and follow a personal meal plan. The Basics of Eating Well with parkinson’s disease : Eat a variety of foods from each food category. Ask your doctor if you should take a daily vitamin supplement. Maintain your weight through a proper balance of exercise and food. Ask your doctor what your”goal” weight should be and how many calories you should consume perday. Include high-fiber foods such as vegetables, cooked dried
Vasculitis Definition of Vasculitis: Vasculitis refers to a group of diseases that result in inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation damages the vessels, thus affecting the organs supplied by these blood vessels. There are more than 12 types of vasculitis. The current classification divides them according to the size of the blood vessel involved. ANCA-associated Vasculitis: ANCA-associated vasculitides comprise a group of syndromes associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). They include granulomatosis with polynagiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polynagiitis (EGPA). https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/16/vasculitis/
Coronary heart disease Coronary arteries: Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to function, and oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away. The coronary arteries run along the outside of the heart and have small branches that supply blood to the heart muscle. Different coronary arteries: The 2 main coronary arteries are the left main and right coronary arteries. Left main coronary artery (LMCA): The left main coronary artery supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle (the left ventricle and left atrium). The left main coronary artery divides into branches: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/15/coronary-heart-disease/
Advanced prostate cancer and side effects Many men who have advanced prostate cancer experience side effects. Some of these side effects result from the treatments used to slow the spread of cancer. Other side effects come from the disease itself. Understanding these side effects can relieve fears and help you cope better. So can being an active participant in your own care. Ask your doctor questions. Learn about potential symptoms and options before receiving treatments. Carefully weigh each option with your doctor’s input. Prostate Cancer & Impotence: Impotence — the inability to achieve or maintain an erection — is a major side effect of most treatments for advanced prostate cancer. Among men who have their testicles removed by a surgery known as orchiectomy, about 90% will experience impotence. Drugs to reduce testosterone levels, called androgen deprivation therapy or ADT, also causes impotence in most men. If this therapy is discontinued, many but not all men can reg
Soft tissue injuries Many activities can lead to soft-tissue damage of muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The result can be pain, swelling, bruising, and damage. Soft-tissue injuries are classified as the following: Contusions (bruises) Sprains Tendonitis Bursitis Stress injuries Strains Athletes and non-athletes share many similar soft-tissue injuries. Contusion: A contusion (bruise) is an injury to the soft tissue often produced by a blunt force, such as a kick, fall, or blow. The result will be pain, swelling,and discoloration because of bleeding into the tissue. Treatment for contusions includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E.). More serious contusions may need to be examined by a doctor. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/13/soft-tissue-injuries/
End stage renal disease(ESRD)-2 In previous discussion we have discussed Kidney failure Causes of kidney failure Sign and symptoms of kidney failure How is kidney failure diagnosed? Treatment for acute and chronic kidney failure so today’s discussion we will continue with Complications of kidney failure: Because the kidneys have many functions, the complications of kidney failure can affect many body systems. Complications may include: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/12/end-stage-renal-diseaseesrd-2/
End stage renal disease(ESRD) Kidney failure: Kidney failure happens when damage results in loss of normal kidney function. It may also be called end stage renal disease (ESRD). There are 2 types of kidney failure—acute and chronic. Acute kidney failure starts abruptly. It can sometimes be reversed. Chronic kidney failure progresses slowly over at least 3 months. It can lead to permanent kidney failure. Causes of kidney failure: Conditions that may lead to acute or chronic kidney failure may include: Acute kidney failure: Rhabdomyolysis, kidney damage that can happen from muscle breakdown due to severe dehydration, infection, or other causes Decreased blood flow to the kidneys from blood loss or shock A blockage along the urinary tract https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/11/end-stage-renal-diseaseesrd/
Menopause Definition of menopause: Menopause is the cessation of the menstrual cycle (periods) in women. Women may have erratic and infrequent periods for several years before periods stop completely. During menopause: Ovaries stop maturing eggs. Ovaries decrease production of the hormone estrogen and do not produce the hormone progesterone. Ovaries continue to produce testosterone, which is also a hormone made by the adrenal glands. Menopause occurrence: The average age that a woman experiences menopause is 51 years. Most women experience menopause between the ages of 45 and 55. However, some women have early menopause, which can occur in their late 30s to early 40s. Others may continue to have periods into their late 50s. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/10/menopause/
Plugged milk ducts: Definition/explanation of plugged milk ducts: A plugged duct feels like a tender lump in the breast. Some mothers seem to be more prone to developing them. Usually they happen when a mother goes too long without emptying her breasts. Or, if insufficient milk is removed during feedings. What to do in case of plugged milk ducts? Review your baby’s feeding routine and see if the time between one or more feedings or pumping sessions has recently changed for any reason. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/09/plugged-milk-ducts/
Paget’s disease of the bone Paget’s disease of the bone is a chronic bone disorder. It causes bones to become enlarged and deformed. Bone may become dense, but fragile, because of excessive breakdown and deformation of bone. The disease is the most common bone disorder after osteoporosis in adults older than age 50. Causes of Paget’s disease of the bone: The exact cause of Paget’s disease of the bone is unknown. It may be due to a slow viral infection of bone. Genetics may also play a significant role. Sign and symptoms of Paget’s disease of the bone: These are the most common symptoms of Paget’s disease of the bone: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/08/pagets-disease-of-the-bone/
Sciatica Sciatica, also called lumbar radiculopathy, is a pain that originates along your sciatic nerve. This nerve extends from the back of your pelvis down the back of your thigh. Your sciatic nerve is the main nerve in your leg. It is also the largest nerve in your entire body. Causes of sciatica: Usually, sciatica is caused by a herniated (or bulging) disk in your spine that presses on your sciatic nerve. Other reasons for pressure on your sciatic nerve may include: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/07/sciatica/
Alcoholic hepatitis The liver is a large organ that lies up under the ribs on the right side of the abdomen (belly). It helps filter waste from the body. It also makes bile to help digest food, and stores sugar that the body uses for energy. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that leads to liver cell damage and cell death. Causes of alcoholic hepatitis: Alcoholic hepatitis is caused by drinking too much alcohol. The liver breaks down alcohol. If, over time, you drink more alcohol than the liver can process, it can become seriously damaged. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/06/alcoholic-hepatitis/
Repetitive motion injury Repetitive motion injuries, also called repetitive stress injuries, are temporary or permanent injuries to muscles, nerves, ligaments, and tendons caused by doing the same motion over and over again. A common repetitive motion injury is carpal tunnel syndrome. This disorder occurs when the median nerve,which travels from the forearm to the hand through a “tunnel” in the wrist, is compressed by swollen, inflamed ligaments and tendons. It is often seen with people who use computer keyboards or work on assembly lines. The injury can be quite painful and can also cause numbness, clumsiness,and a loss of motion, flexibility, and strength in the area. It can worsen overtime without treatment, and can result in a complete loss of function. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/05/repetitive-motion-injury/
Diabetic neuropathy Definition and explanation of Diabetic neuropathy: Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage due to diabetes. Over time, high blood sugar (glucose) can damage the tiny blood vessels that supply your nerves, especially in the legs. Nerves send messages to and from your brain about pain, temperature, and touch. They tell your muscles when and how to move. They also control the systems in the body that digest food and pass urine. If you have diabetes, you can develop nerve problems at any time. Serious nerve problems can develop within the first 10 years after being diagnosed with diabetes. The risk of getting neuropathy grows the longer you have diabetes. About half of people with diabetes have some form of nerve damage. https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/10/04/diabetic-neuropathy/
Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) Definition and explanation of Abdominal aortic aneurysm: The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. It delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. An aortic aneurysm is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of the aorta. Over time, the blood vessel balloons and is at risk for bursting (rupture) or separating (dissection). This can cause life threatening bleeding and potentially death. Aneurysms occur most often in the portion of the aorta that runs through the abdomen (abdominal aortic aneurysm). An abdominal aortic aneurysm is also called AAA or triple A. A thoracic aortic aneurysm refers to the part of the aorta that runs through the chest. Once formed, an aneurysm will gradually increase in size and get progressively weaker. Treatment for an abdominal aneurysm may include surgical repair or removal of the aneurysm, or inserting a metal mesh coil (stent) to support the blood vessel and prevent rupture. https://www.
Cerebral aneurysm-2 In previous discussion we have discussed Definition and explanation of Cerebral aneurysm Causes of a cerebral aneurysm Risk factors for a cerebral aneurysm Sign and symptoms of a cerebral aneurysm so now we will continue our discussion with How is cerebral aneurysm diagnosed? A cerebral aneurysm is often discovered after it has ruptured or by chance during diagnostic exam, such as computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or angiography that are being done for other reasons. In addition to a complete medical history and physical exam, diagnostic procedures for a cerebral aneurysm may include: Cerebral angiography: This provides an image of the blood vessels in the brain to detect a problem with vessels and blood flow. The procedure involves inserting a catheter (a small, thin tube) into an artery in the leg and passing it up to the blood vessels in the brain. Contrast dye is injected through the catheter and X-ray images ar
Cerebral aneurysm Definition and explanation of Cerebral aneurysm: A cerebral aneurysm (also called an intracranial aneurysm or brain aneurysm) is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of an artery in the brain, resulting in an abnormal ballooning of the artery that is at risk for rupturing. A cerebral aneurysm more often happens in an artery located in the front part of the brain that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain tissue. Arteries anywhere in the brain can develop aneurysms. A normal artery wall is made up of 3 layers. The wall where the aneurysm forms is thin and weak because of an abnormal loss or absence of the muscular layer of the artery wall, leaving only 2 layers. There are several types of aneurysms: Berry aneurysm: The most common type of cerebral aneurysm is called a saccular, or berry, aneurysm, happening in 90% of cerebral aneurysms. This type of aneurysm looks like a “berry” with a narrow stem. More than one aneurysm may be present. Fusiform aneury
Allergic Rhinitis Allergic rhinitis in children: Rhinitis is a reaction that happens in the eyes, nose, and throat when allergens in the air trigger the release of histamine in the body. Histamine causes itching, swelling, and fluid to build up in the fragile linings of nasal passages, sinuses, and eyelids. Allergic rhinitis can happen on a seasonal basis or year-round. Year-round allergic rhinitis happens more often in younger children. There is usually a family history of allergic rhinitis. Causes of allergic rhinitis in children: The most common causes of allergic rhinitis in children are: Pollen from trees, grass, or weeds Dust mites Mold Cockroach waste Animal dander Tobacco smoke Sign and symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children: The following are the most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/09/30/allergic-rhinitis/