Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)-3

in previous 2 discussions we have discussed
  1. Definition of COPD
  2. ASTHMA
  3. Bronchiectasis
  4. Chronic Bronchitis
so today we will continue our discussion with

Emphysema

  • A permanent dilatation of any part of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of tissue but no scarring.
  • It is a common condition with increasing incidence with age, and is more common in males than in females.

Pathogenesis:

  • The imbalance of  protease-antiprotease and oxidant-antioxidant
  • Current opinion favors emphysema arising as a consequence of two critical imbalances: the protease-antiprotease imbalance and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance
  • Chronic bronchitis
  The destructive structure of airway wall
  The mucus plug
  • Destruction of respiratory tissue leads to a loss of elastic recoil in the lungs and a decreased area available for gas exchange.
  • α1-antitrypsin inactivated or absent, resluting in continued activity of the proteases with destruction of lung parenchyma

Types of emphysema:

  • According to its distribution in the lobule and acinus
  1.  Centrilobular emphysema
  2.  Distal acinar emphysema
  3.  Panacinar emphysema
https://www.hanxinclinic.com/index.php/2019/09/17/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-diseases-copd-3/

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